(Bloomberg) -- Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell vowed officials would crush inflation after they raised interest rates by 75 basis points for a third straight time and signaled even more aggressive hikes ahead than investors had expected.
"We have got to get inflation behind us. I wish there were a painless way to do that. There isn't," Powell told a press conference in Washington on Wednesday after officials lifted the target for the benchmark federal funds rate to a range of 3% to 3.25%.
"Higher interest rates, slower growth and a softening labor market are all painful for the public that we serve, but they're not as painful as failing to restore price stability and having to come back and do it down the road again," he said.
Officials forecast that rates would reach 4.4% by the end of this year and 4.6% in 2023, a more hawkish shift in their so-called dot plot than expected. That implies a fourth-straight 75 basis-point hike could be on the table for the next gathering in November, about a week before the US midterm elections.
The Fed chief agreed that the median of quarterly projections submitted by policy makers implied a further 125 basis points of tightening this year. But he said there had been no decision taken on the size of the rate increase at the next meeting and stressed that a fairly large group of officials preferred to only lift rates by a percentage point by year end.
Powell said his main message was that officials were "strongly resolved" to bring inflation down to the Fed's 2% goal and added that "we will keep at it until the job is done." The phrase invoked the title of former Fed chief Paul Volcker's memoir "Keeping at It."
Policy makers now expect the key rate to rise to 4.4% by year end and 4.6% during 2023, according to the median estimate in updated quarterly projections published alongside the statement.
Further ahead, rates were seen stepping down to 3.9% in 2024 and 2.9% in 2025.
"This is Powell's last roll of the dice and he is going all in," said Derek Tang, an economist at LH Meyer in Washington. "The higher unemployment forecasts are fair warning they will inflict pain and this has just begun."
The policy-sensitive two-year Treasury yield surged, jumping briefly above the 4% level. US stocks initially fell on the decision but reversed losses by the end of the press conference.
The Fed's quarterly projections, which showed a steeper rate path than officials laid out in June, underscore the Fed's resolve to cool inflation despite the risk that surging borrowing costs could tip the US into recession. In contrast, interest rate futures showed investors betting rates would peak around 4.5% in early 2023.
What Bloomberg Economics Says ...
"More important even than the 75-basis-point rate hike at the Sept. 20-21 FOMC meeting was the shift in the committee's views in the updated Summary of Economic Projections. Almost two-thirds of members now see rates peaking next year even higher than the 4.5% markets had priced in. Bloomberg Economics expects the terminal rate ultimately will be 5%."
-- Anna Wong, Andrew Husby and Eliza Winger (economists)
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Powell and his colleagues, slammed for a slow initial response to escalating price pressures, have pivoted aggressively to catch up and are now delivering the most aggressive policy tightening since the Fed under Volcker four decades ago.
The updated forecasts also showed unemployment rising to 4.4% by the end of next year and the same at the end of 2024 -- up from 3.9% and 4.1%, respectively, in the June projections.
Estimates for economic growth in 2023 were marked down to 1.2% and 1.7% in 2024, reflecting a bigger impact from tighter monetary policy.
Read more: The Global Race to Hike Rates Tilts Economies Toward Recession
Inflation peaked at 9.1% in June, as measured by the 12-month change in the US consumer price index. But it's failed to come down as quickly in recent months as Fed officials had hoped: In August, it was still 8.3%.
Job growth, meanwhile, has remained robust and the unemployment rate, at 3.7%, is still below levels most Fed officials consider to be sustainable in the longer run.
The failure of the labor market to soften has added to the impetus for a more-aggressive tightening path at the US central bank.
Fed action is also taking place against the backdrop of tightening by other central banks to confront price pressures which have spiked around the globe. Collectively, about 90 have raised interest rates this year, and half of them have hiked by at least 75 basis points in one shot.
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